(This was all, of course, before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine forced more than four million refugees to flee the country.) Most of those compelled to move by the end of 2020 were internally displaced, as Sciubba notes.
Only 2–4% of the world’s people live outside their country of origin, but between 20, according to the United Nations, the number of international migrants and refugees who had fled conflict, crises, persecution, violence or human-rights violations doubled from 17 million to 34 million. To soften the economic blow of ageing, Sciubba presents four options: raise retirement ages, cut benefits, push more people in the country to work or increase immigration.
#Most populous countries how to
As more people exit the labour force than enter it, wealthy countries worry about how to preserve economic growth. A 2021 report projects that by 2045, one-quarter of Japanese people aged older than 65 will have dementia ( N. In immigration-averse Japan, for example, robots including furry “carerobo” animals are assisting the dwindling number of elder-care workers. In countries with low fertility and an ageing population, social systems strain to support older people. In Yemen, 3,000 children are born into poverty every day, Sciubba relates. In Somalia, young people can rarely find meaningful jobs. According to the annual Fragile States Index, produced by the Fund for Peace in Washington DC, in most of the countries in imminent danger of collapse - including South Sudan, Somalia and the DRC - more than half the population is under the age of 20 and fertility is high. In some regions, population pressures are exacerbating problems such as poor governance, civil war and environmental devastation. By 2050, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) will be among the world’s top ten most populous countries, joining long-standing members such as Brazil and India. In rural towns in South Korea, primary schools are closing for lack of pupils, whereas urban areas of Lagos ring “with the sounds of children playing”, writes Sciubba. In Nigeria, children and adolescents are half of the population.
By contrast, sub-Saharan Africa’s population is set to increase sixfold this century its TFR is 4.72, down from 5.88 two decades ago. In Latin America and the Caribbean, eastern and southeast Asia, Europe and North America, Australia and New Zealand, the total fertility rate (TFR), or average number of children a woman is likely to have in her lifetime, was below replacement level (around 2.1 children per woman) in 2020. How far will global population rise? Researchers can’t agree The twenty-first century “is less a story about exponential population growth than it is a story about differential growth - marked by a stark divide between the world’s richest and poorest countries”, she writes. Likewise, “Japan is ageing so rapidly that if current trends continue, the nation could eventually disappear altogether”, writes Jennifer Sciubba in her data-packed book 8 Billion and Counting.Īlmost eight billion people live on Earth their futures are highly divergent, argues Sciubba, a senior associate at Washington DC think tank the Center for Strategic and International Studies. As death rates approach birth rates, China’s population might soon begin to shrink. This was despite the government repealing its onerous one-child policy, permitting couples to have up to three children as of 2021.Īs it turns out, many women in China feel that they cannot afford to have more than one child - or any. In 2021, 10.6 million children were born in China, compared with 12 million the year before.
In January 2022, the National Bureau of Statistics of China made a startling announcement: for the fifth year in a row, the country’s birth rate had fallen. Credit: Ahmad Al-Basha/AFP/GettyĨ Billion and Counting: How Sex, Death, and Migration Shape Our World Jennifer D. Some of the countries are densely populated while the population of some other countries is less than even one hundred thousand.Schoolchildren attend an open-air class in Yemen. All these people are living in about 190 countries in the world. Planet Earth is occupied by more than 7.7 billion people.
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